Problem #1:
$${\mathtt{2}}{\mathtt{\,\times\,}}\left({\mathtt{r}}{\mathtt{\,\small\textbf+\,}}{\mathtt{2}}\right){\mathtt{\,\small\textbf+\,}}{\mathtt{5}}{\mathtt{\,\times\,}}\left({\mathtt{1}}{\mathtt{\,\small\textbf+\,}}{\mathtt{5}}{\mathtt{\,\times\,}}{\mathtt{r}}\right) = {\mathtt{63}}$$
2*r=2r
2*2=4
5*1=5
5*5r=25r
2r+4+5+25r=63
2r+25r=27r
4+5=9
$${\mathtt{27}}{\mathtt{\,\times\,}}{\mathtt{r}}{\mathtt{\,\small\textbf+\,}}{\mathtt{9}} = {\mathtt{63}}$$
$${\mathtt{63}}{\mathtt{\,-\,}}{\mathtt{9}} = {\mathtt{54}}$$
$${\mathtt{27}}{\mathtt{\,\times\,}}{\mathtt{r}} = {\mathtt{54}}$$
54/27 and 27/27= 2
$${\mathtt{R}} = {\mathtt{2}}$$
Reduce[2 (2 + r) + 5 (1 + 5 r) = 63, r]
4+2r+5+25r=63
9+27r=63
27r=63-9=54
r=54/27=2
Problem #2:
im guessing this is simplification
-30+7b=4(1+6b)
4*1=4
4*6b=24b
-30+7b=4+24b